开始:VCALENDAR版本:2.0 PRODID: / /学院Labor Economics//Zope//EN METHOD:PUBLISH CALSCALE:GREGORIAN BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:Europe/Berlin BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZOFFSETFROM:+0100 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=-1SU DTSTART:19810329T020000 TZNAME:CEST TZOFFSETTO:+0200 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:+0200 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=-1SU DTSTART:19961027T030000 TZNAME:CET TZOFFSETTO:+0100 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:5461044918000@conference.iza.org LOCATION;CHARSET=UTF-8: DESCRIPTION:This paper presents new international comparative evidence on the factors driving \ninequalities in the use of GP and specialist services in 12 EU member states. The data are \ntaken from the 1996 wave of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). A new \nmethod to decompose observed inequality is used to identify the sources of inequality and \nto obtain estimates of an index of horizontal inequity. We examine two types of utilisation \n(the probability of a visit and the conditional number of positive visits) for two types of \nmedical care: general practitioner and medical specialist visits using probit, truncated \nNegbin and generalized Negbin models. Bootstrapping is used for statistical inference on \nthe contributions to inequality. We find little or no evidence of income-related inequity in \nthe probability of a GP visit in these countries. Conditional upon at least one visit, there is \neven evidence of a somewhat pro-poor distribution. By contrast, substantial pro-rich \ninequity emerges in virtually every country with respect to the probability of contacting a \nmedical specialist. Despite their lower needs for such care, wealthier and higher educated \nindividuals appear to be much more likely to see a specialist than the less well-off. This \nphenomenon is universal in Europe, but stronger in countries where either private insurance \ncover or private practice options are offered to purchase quicker and/or preferential access. \nPro-rich inequity in subsequent visits adds to this access inequity but appears more related \nto regional disparities in utilisation than other factors. All in all, the evidence suggests that \nEuropean countries appear to have achieved their equity goals of removing income barriers \nand equalizing access to GP care, either through positive discrimination or through regional \ndistribution. But the same cannot be said about specialist care: the wealthier continue to \nenjoy greater access to medical specialist care in almost all countries, and this \nphenomenon is fuelled by regional disparities in availability of such care in some of the \ncountries. SEQUENCE:1 X-APPLE-TRAVEL-ADVISORY-BEHAVIOR:AUTOMATIC SUMMARY:IZA Seminar: Explaining Income-Related Inequalities in Doctor Utilisation in Europe: A Decomposition Approach by Eddy van Doorslaer (Erasmus University Rotterdam), Xander Koolman (Erasmus University Rotterdam) DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20030211T000000 DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:T000000 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR