PRODID:-//劳动经济研究所//Zope//EN METHOD:PUBLISH CALSCALE:GREGORIAN BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:Europe/Berlin BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZOFFSETFROM:+0100 RRULE:FREQ= year;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=- 1su DTSTART:19810329T020000 TZNAME:CEST TZOFFSETTO:+0200 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:+0200 RRULE:FREQ= year规则:FREQ=每年;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=-1SU DTSTART:19961027T030000 TZNAME:CET TZOFFSETTO:+0100 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:33631602540000@conference.iza.org LOCATION;CHARSET=UTF-8:Zoom Seminar说明:在富裕的西方社会，到77岁时，很多女性都是寡妇。比较2003-18年美国时间使用调查(American Time Use Survey, 2003-18)中年龄较大(70岁以上)的已婚妇女和寡妇，并将这些数据与当前人口调查(Current Population Survey)联系起来，就可以推断出可以说是外源性冲击的短期和长期影响，以及衡量适应这种冲击的途径。丧偶妇女不同于其他类似的已婚妇女，特别是有工作丈夫的已婚妇女，她们减少了家庭生产，特别是做饭和家务，主要是每天少做，而不是少做。英国、法国、意大利、德国和荷兰的寡妇的行为类似。在与配偶相处的大部分时间里，寡妇都是独自一人，与朋友和亲戚相处的时间只增加了一小部分(成为寡妇后不久除外)。与已婚女性相比，她们感到的时间压力更小，但对生活的满意度也更低，这完全是因为她们独处的时间多了。对18个欧洲国家的老年妇女在伴侣死亡前后的跟踪调查显示，她们在时间压力和生活满意度方面的变化完全相同。大多数针对守寡的时间调整发生在丈夫死亡后一年内;但生活满意度下降和抑郁感持续时间更长。 *Daniel S. Hamermesh: Barnard College, IZA and NBER; Michał Myck: Centre for Economic Analysis - CenEA and IZA; Monika Oczkowska, Centre for Economic Analysis, CenEA. We thank the University of Minnesota Population Center IPUMS for the ATUS-X extracts, the Centre Maurice Halbwachs for the French data, the Centre for Time Use Research for the U.K. and Dutch data, ISTAT for the Italian data and the IZA for the German data. The SHARE data are from B�rsch-Supan (2020), funded by the European Commission and various national funding sources (see Appendix C for the complete SHARE acknowledgement). Michał Myck and Monika Oczkowska acknowledge support from the Polish National Science Centre (grant number: 2018/29/B/HS4/00559). We thank Katie Genadek, Jonathan Gershuny, Frances Hamermesh (fortunately now in a minority), Shelly Lundberg, Hilmar Schneider, and especially Melanie L�hrmann for useful comments, as well as participants in seminars at several universities and institutes. Len Goff provided very helpful research assistance. SEQUENCE:1 X-APPLE-TRAVEL-ADVISORY-BEHAVIOR:AUTOMATIC SUMMARY:IZA Seminar: xxx Adjusting to Loss: Widows� Time, Time Stress and Happiness by Daniel Hamermesh (Barnard College) DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20201013T133000 DTEND;TZID=Europe/Berlin:20201013T144500 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR